tremelimumab

Tremelimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. It is designed to target and block the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). CTLA-4 is a protein receptor found on the surface of T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. By binding to CTLA-4, tremelimumab prevents it from interacting with its ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, which are present on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction normally acts as a brake on T cell activation, helping to prevent autoimmune responses. By inhibiting CTLA-4, tremelimumab can enhance T cell activation and proliferation, thereby boosting the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Tremelimumab has been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is often studied in combination with other immunotherapies or chemotherapy regimens. The development and approval of tremelimumab are part of a broader effort to harness the power of the immune system to fight cancer. Like other immunotherapies, tremelimumab can cause side effects related to immune system activation, which may affect various organs. These side effects are monitored closely during treatment. The effectiveness and safety profile of tremelimumab continue to be evaluated in ongoing research.