transzgultamináz

Transzgultamináz is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between a glutamine residue and a lysine residue. This reaction is a key step in the cross-linking of proteins, a process important in many biological systems. For example, in blood clotting, transglutaminases are involved in stabilizing fibrin clots. In the skin, they contribute to the structural integrity of the epidermis.

There are several different transglutaminases found in the human body, each with slightly different substrate specificities and tissue distributions. For instance, Factor XIIIa is the transglutaminase primarily involved in blood coagulation. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is found in a wide range of tissues and is implicated in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, apoptosis, and signal transduction.

Dysfunction or altered activity of transglutaminases has been linked to a number of diseases. In celiac disease, for example, tissue transglutaminase is a key autoantigen, meaning the body mistakenly produces antibodies against it. This immune response leads to damage in the small intestine. Research is ongoing to understand the precise roles of different transglutaminases in health and disease, and to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes.