translokaatioon

Translokaatio is a term used in genetics to describe a type of chromosomal abnormality where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. This can happen spontaneously during cell division or be caused by external factors like radiation or certain chemicals. Translokaatio can also occur between two non-homologous chromosomes. There are two main types: reciprocal and robertsonian. In a reciprocal translokaatio, segments are exchanged between two chromosomes. In a robertsonian translokaatio, two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at their centromeres, losing their short arms. While translokaatio itself does not always cause health problems for the individual carrying it, it can lead to an increased risk of infertility or genetic disorders in their offspring due to unbalanced chromosome sets. Specific syndromes are associated with particular translokaatio, such as certain types of leukemia or congenital disabilities. Genetic testing can identify translokaatio and help assess the risks.