transitoepiteelikasvaimen

Transitoepiteelikasvain, also known as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma, is a type of cancer that arises from the urothelium, the specialized lining of the urinary tract. This tissue is found in the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is the most common type of bladder cancer, accounting for the vast majority of cases.

This cancer can occur at any point along the urinary tract, but it is most frequently diagnosed in the bladder. The risk factors for developing transitoepiteelikasvain include smoking, exposure to certain industrial chemicals, chronic bladder inflammation, and a history of radiation therapy to the pelvic region. Symptoms can vary depending on the location and stage of the tumor. Common signs include blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urination, pain during urination, and lower back pain.

Diagnosis typically involves urine tests to check for blood or cancer cells, imaging studies such as CT scans or ultrasounds to visualize the urinary tract, and cystoscopy, a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder to examine its lining. Biopsies are essential for confirming the diagnosis and determining the grade and stage of the cancer. Treatment options depend on the stage and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. These can include surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.