transitiven

Transitiven is a term used in linguistics to describe verbs that require or typically take a direct object to complete their meaning. In a transitive clause, the action is directed from a subject to an object, often referred to as the agent and the patient. By contrast, intransitive verbs do not take a direct object, as in: The sun shines.

Many verbs can function as both transitive and intransitive, a property called ambitransitivity. For example, eat can be transitive in "She eats an apple" and intransitive in "She eats." Some verbs also form ditransitives, which take two objects, such as a theme and a recipient: "She gave him a book."

Transitivity is closely linked to a language’s argument structure or valency—the number and type of arguments a verb requires. Languages vary in how they mark transitivity: some rely on word order and case marking (as in German, where the object case shows the relation), others use affixes or particles (as in Turkish or Japanese). Transitivity can thus be expressed through syntax, morphology, or both, and it interacts with voice and alignment systems in different languages.

In addition to its linguistic sense, transitivity is also a term in logic and mathematics. A relation is transitive if, whenever a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is related to c. While this use shares the idea of chaining, it is a distinct concept from lexical transitivity.

Overall, transitiven describes a fundamental property of verbs related to how they connect with objects and structure in sentences.