transinfection

Transinfection is a biological process where an infectious agent, such as a virus or bacterium, is transmitted from one host organism to another indirectly. This differs from direct transmission, where the agent moves from one host to another through direct physical contact, such as through kissing or sexual intercourse. In transinfection, an intermediate vehicle or vector is involved in the transfer of the pathogen.

Common examples of transinfection involve vectors like insects, such as mosquitoes transmitting malaria or dengue fever, or ticks transmitting Lyme disease. These vectors acquire the pathogen by feeding on an infected host and then transfer it to a susceptible host during a subsequent feeding. Fomites, which are inanimate objects that can carry pathogens, can also be involved in transinfection. For instance, touching a contaminated surface and then touching one's eyes, nose, or mouth can lead to infection.

Water and food can also act as vehicles for transinfection, particularly in cases of waterborne or foodborne illnesses. Pathogens contaminating these sources can be ingested by multiple individuals, leading to widespread outbreaks. Understanding transinfection is crucial for developing effective public health strategies to control the spread of infectious diseases. Prevention methods often focus on controlling vector populations, practicing good hygiene, and ensuring safe food and water supplies.