transferriiniin

Transferrin is a protein found in the blood plasma of vertebrates. Its primary role is to transport iron from its absorption sites in the small intestine to storage sites in the body, such as the liver and spleen. It also plays a crucial role in delivering iron to cells that require it for metabolic processes, including the production of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. Transferrin is synthesized primarily in the liver.

The structure of transferrin allows it to bind to two iron atoms. This binding is essential for preventing iron from forming harmful free radicals in the body. When iron levels are low, the liver produces more transferrin to increase iron uptake. Conversely, when iron levels are high, transferrin production is reduced. This regulatory mechanism helps maintain iron homeostasis.

Transferrin's iron-binding capacity is also important for the immune system, as many pathogens require iron for growth. By sequestering iron, transferrin limits its availability to bacteria and other microorganisms. Variations in transferrin levels can be indicative of various medical conditions, including iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis (iron overload), and certain inflammatory diseases. Measuring transferrin levels, often in conjunction with other iron-related tests, is a common diagnostic practice.