transduksioonis

Transduksioonis is an Estonian term referring to the biological process of transduction, which is a mechanism of gene transfer in bacteria and bacteriophages. It involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a virus, typically a bacteriophage. This process plays a significant role in horizontal gene transfer, contributing to genetic diversity among bacterial populations.

There are two main types of transduction: generalized and specialized. Generalized transduction occurs when a bacteriophage accidentally packages fragments of the host bacterial DNA during the assembly process and then transfers this DNA to another bacterium upon infection. Specialized transduction involves the incorrect excision of a prophage from the bacterial chromosome, leading to the transfer of specific bacterial genes along with the phage DNA.

Transduction is important in genetic studies and biotechnology, as it provides a natural mechanism for manipulating bacterial genomes. It also has implications in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic bacteria, impacting public health.

In summary, transduksioonis is a fundamental biological process that mediates gene exchange in bacteria through bacteriophages, with significant influence on bacterial evolution, diversity, and the development of antimicrobial resistance.