transcendentalní

Transcendentalní is a term used in philosophy and religion to describe that which is beyond the ordinary range of human experience or knowledge. It often refers to a reality or state that transcends the physical world and the limitations of the senses. In philosophy, particularly in the work of Immanuel Kant, transcendentalism refers to the study of the conditions of possibility for experience. This includes examining the innate structures of the mind, such as space, time, and causality, which shape how we perceive and understand the world. These structures are considered "transcendental" because they are a priori, meaning they are not derived from experience but are preconditions for it.

In a religious context, transcendental often denotes a divine or spiritual realm that is separate from and superior to the material universe. It can refer to God, the Absolute, or a state of enlightenment that is achieved through spiritual practices and goes beyond ordinary consciousness. Transcendentalism as a literary and philosophical movement in 19th-century America, with figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, emphasized intuition, the inherent goodness of people and nature, and the belief that society's institutions corrupt the individual's purity. They sought a deeper, spiritual truth that could be accessed through individual experience and introspection, often finding it in the natural world. The concept implies a connection to something greater or more fundamental than what is immediately apparent.