transaminaases

Transaminases, also known as aminotransferases, are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in amino acid metabolism. They catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid, a reaction essential for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids. This process is vital for many biological functions, including the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, and the detoxification of nitrogenous waste.

The general reaction catalyzed by transaminases involves the transfer of an amino group from an amino donor (typically an amino acid) to an alpha-keto acid acceptor. This results in the formation of a new amino acid and a new alpha-keto acid. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a derivative of vitamin B6, acts as a cofactor for most transaminases, facilitating the chemical transformation.

Transaminases are found in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. In humans, they are particularly abundant in the liver, kidneys, heart, and muscles. Blood levels of certain transaminases, such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), are commonly measured in clinical diagnostics. Elevated levels of these enzymes in the blood can indicate damage to the organs where they are found, making them important biomarkers for liver disease, heart attack, and other conditions.