tracheostomát

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening, called a stoma, through the neck into the trachea (windpipe). This opening allows a tube to be inserted, which bypasses the upper airway and facilitates breathing. The procedure is typically performed when there is an obstruction in the upper airway or when a patient requires long-term mechanical ventilation.

Indications for a tracheostomy can be varied. They include severe upper airway obstruction due to trauma, tumors, or swelling, as well as conditions that impair the ability to cough and clear secretions, such as neurological disorders or prolonged intensive care unit stays. It can also be used to wean patients off mechanical ventilation when they are unable to breathe independently through their natural airway.

The tracheostomy tube is a hollow tube that is inserted into the stoma. It can be made of various materials, such as silicone or plastic, and comes in different sizes to fit the patient. The tube is typically held in place with ties or a Velcro strap around the neck. Regular care of the tracheostomy site is essential to prevent infection and maintain the patency of the airway. This includes suctioning secretions from the tube and cleaning the surrounding skin.

Complications, though not always present, can include bleeding, infection at the stoma site, or damage to surrounding structures during the procedure. Long-term complications might involve changes to the voice, difficulty swallowing, or the formation of scar tissue. When the need for the tracheostomy is no longer present, the tube can be removed, and the stoma usually closes on its own over time.