trachéostomie

Tracheostomie is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck and a hole into the trachea (windpipe) to allow for direct insertion of a tube. This tube, called a tracheostomy tube, bypasses the upper airway and allows for breathing. The procedure is performed when the normal passage of air through the nose, mouth, and throat is blocked or compromised, or when there is a need for long-term mechanical ventilation.

Reasons for a tracheostomie include severe upper airway obstruction due to swelling, trauma, or tumors, as well as conditions that impair the ability to clear secretions from the lungs, such as certain neuromuscular diseases. It can also be necessary for patients who require prolonged artificial respiration and cannot be managed with an endotracheal tube inserted through the mouth.

The tracheostomy tube is typically secured in place with ties around the neck. Breathing occurs through the tube, and air entering the lungs is not humidified or filtered by the nose and mouth, which can lead to some complications like drying of secretions and potential infection. However, when performed, it offers a more comfortable and safer route for airway management and ventilation compared to other methods in specific clinical situations. The procedure can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying medical condition.