traaditõmbamise

Traaditõmbamine, also known as wire drawing, is a metalworking process used to reduce the cross-section of a wire or rod by pulling it through a die. This process is fundamental in the production of wires used in various applications, from electrical cables to structural components.

The process typically involves forcing a metal rod through a die with a smaller opening than the rod's initial diameter. The die is usually made of hardened steel, tungsten carbide, or diamond, depending on the material being drawn and the required precision. As the wire is pulled through the die, its diameter is reduced, and its length is increased. This deformation is a form of tensile stress.

Multiple drawing steps may be employed to achieve the desired final diameter. In each step, the wire is drawn through a progressively smaller die. Lubrication is crucial during the wire drawing process to reduce friction between the wire and the die, prevent excessive wear on the die, and improve the surface finish of the wire. Common lubricants include oils, greases, and soaps.

Wire drawing results in work hardening of the metal, meaning its tensile strength and hardness increase, while its ductility decreases. If significant ductility is required for subsequent processing, annealing, a heat treatment process, may be performed between drawing steps to restore the metal's ductility.

The applications of wire drawing are vast. It is essential for producing conductors in electrical wiring, reinforcing bars in concrete, and filaments in light bulbs. Fine wires are used in medical devices and in the manufacturing of springs and cables. The precision and control offered by wire drawing allow for the production of wires with specific dimensions and properties tailored to diverse industrial needs.