toxikokinetikán

Toxikokinetika refers to the study of the time course of a toxic substance's journey through the body. This encompasses the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals, including poisons and drugs. Understanding toxikokinetika is crucial for predicting the toxicity of a substance and for determining appropriate therapeutic interventions in cases of poisoning.

Absorption describes how a toxic substance enters the bloodstream or lymphatic system from the site of exposure, such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or skin. Distribution refers to how the absorbed substance spreads throughout the body's tissues and organs, influenced by factors like blood flow, tissue binding, and the substance's physicochemical properties. Metabolism, also known as biotransformation, involves the chemical alteration of the substance by enzymes, often in the liver, which can lead to detoxification or, in some cases, the formation of more toxic metabolites. Finally, excretion is the process by which the body eliminates the substance and its metabolites, primarily through the kidneys (urine), liver (bile and feces), lungs, or skin. The rate and efficiency of these ADME processes determine the concentration of the toxic substance in various tissues over time, which in turn dictates its potential to cause harm.