toiduseadus

Toiduseadus is a term commonly used to refer to national legislation governing food safety, production, labeling and trade. In the Estonian context, "Toidu seadus" denotes the statutory framework that sets requirements for the entire food chain, from primary production and processing to distribution and retail, with the aim of protecting public health, ensuring honest practices in food business and guaranteeing consumer information.

The law defines duties and responsibilities of food business operators, standards for hygiene and traceability, rules for food composition and additives, and obligations for accurate labelling and advertising. It establishes requirements for risk assessment, monitoring and incident response to foodborne hazards. Enforcement mechanisms typically include inspections, sampling and testing, corrective measures, administrative sanctions and criminal provisions for serious violations.

Implementation and supervision are carried out by national authorities responsible for veterinary and food matters, which coordinate with regional bodies and laboratories. In EU member states, national food laws operate within the broader framework of European Union food legislation, which sets common principles and standards; national acts adapt and complement these rules to local conditions.

The law is periodically amended to reflect scientific advances, international trade developments and changes in consumer expectations. Its practical effects include improved food safety outcomes, clearer responsibilities for businesses and enhanced protection of consumers’ rights to safe and accurately described food.