titraattina

Titraattina is the role of a substance in a chemical titration that is added to a sample to react with the analyte; in English, this substance is called the titrant. The titrant is prepared at a known concentration and delivered from a burette into the reaction mixture until the reaction reaches its endpoint. The amount of titrant added, together with its concentration, allows calculation of the analyte’s amount by stoichiometry.

Titrants must be stable and accurately known. Primary standards—substances of high purity—are often used to standardize a titrant, ensuring its concentration is precise. Common titrants include standardized sodium hydroxide for acid–base titrations, standard hydrochloric acid for basic samples, potassium permanganate for redox titrations, and disodium EDTA for complexometric titrations. Titrants may be acidic, basic, oxidizing, reducing, or complexing agents, depending on the titration type.

Endpoint detection can rely on pH indicators, color change, or instrumental methods such as a pH meter or redox or conductivity sensors. The equivalence point is the theoretical moment when reactants have reacted in stoichiometric proportions; the endpoint is the observed signal used to infer this point. In some cases, back-titration is used, where excess titrant is added and the residual amount is titrated.

Careful standardization, calibration of equipment, and proper storage maintain accuracy. Titraattina are widely used in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, clinical laboratories, and quality control to determine concentrations of acids, bases, oxidants, reductants, and metal ions in samples.