tionüülkloriidil

Tionüülkloriidil, also known as thionyl chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula SOCl2. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a pungent, suffocating odor. Thionyl chloride is highly reactive and a corrosive substance, readily hydrolyzing in the presence of water to produce sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas.

This reactivity makes it a valuable reagent in organic synthesis. Its primary use is as a chlorinating agent, converting carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides and alcohols to alkyl chlorides. These reactions are fundamental in the production of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. For instance, the conversion of a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride using thionyl chloride is often a crucial step in the synthesis of esters and amides.

Thionyl chloride is also employed in the production of sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), another important industrial chemical. Due to its corrosive nature and the hazardous gases produced upon reaction with moisture, thionyl chloride must be handled with extreme care in well-ventilated areas, typically in a fume hood, and with appropriate personal protective equipment. Storage requires dry conditions to prevent decomposition.