tintura

Tintura, in English tincture, is a solution in which a soluble substance, typically plant material, is extracted with a suitable solvent, most often ethanol. The term comes from Latin tinctura, meaning a tincting or coloring. In herbal medicine and pharmacognosy, a tincture is an alcohol-based extract prepared by macerating plant matter in a hydroalcoholic solvent and filtering to yield a concentrated liquid.

Preparation and composition: Plant material is macerated in a solvent, usually ethanol, sometimes with water, for a period of days to weeks. Common plant-to-solvent ratios are expressed as 1:5 or 1:2 (w/v), though formulations vary. After maceration, the solids are pressed and the liquid is clarified and bottled. Dilution and aging can occur; some tinctures are standardized to certain constituents, but many remain variable.

Uses and forms: Tinctures are used in traditional herbal medicine for internal use as tonics, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory preparations, among others. They are typically administered with a dropper and consumed in small amounts diluted in water or juice. Alternatives include glycerite tinctures, made with glycerin instead of alcohol, for those avoiding ethanol, and aceto-tinctures in vinegar-based extracts.

Quality, labeling and storage: In many jurisdictions tinctures are described in pharmacopoeias and labeled with the plant name, part used, solvent, and strength (for example 1:5). They are usually stored in amber bottles away from light, in a cool, dry place to protect potency. Shelf life varies but may extend several years under proper conditions.

Safety: Because they contain alcohol, tinctures must be used with care in children, pregnant people, or those with alcohol sensitivities. They can interact with medications and are not appropriate for everyone; users should follow professional guidance and product labels.