tiionüülkloriidi

Thionyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SOCl2. It is a colorless to pale yellow fuming liquid with a pungent, acrid odor. Thionyl chloride is a reactive inorganic compound widely used as a chlorinating agent in organic synthesis. Its primary application is in the conversion of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides, which are versatile intermediates in the production of esters, amides, and acid anhydrides. It is also employed in the synthesis of sulfinyl chlorides and in the chlorination of alcohols and phenols.

The reaction of thionyl chloride with water is vigorous and produces sulfur dioxide gas and hydrogen chloride gas. This reactivity necessitates careful handling and storage in anhydrous conditions. Thionyl chloride is corrosive and can cause severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection, should always be used when working with this substance. It is also important to handle it in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.

Thionyl chloride is prepared by reacting sulfur dioxide with phosphorus pentachloride or sulfur dichloride. Its utility in organic chemistry stems from its ability to introduce chlorine atoms into organic molecules under relatively mild conditions, with the byproduct gases (SO2 and HCl) being easily removed. This makes it a convenient and efficient reagent for many synthetic transformations.