thyroidectomies

A thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy, and many other vital functions of the body.

Thyroidectomies are performed for a variety of reasons. The most common indication is thyroid cancer. Other reasons include benign thyroid nodules that are large enough to cause compression symptoms, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) that is unresponsive to medication or radioactive iodine, and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) that causes significant discomfort or difficulty breathing.

There are different types of thyroidectomy. A total thyroidectomy involves the removal of the entire thyroid gland. A subtotal thyroidectomy removes most of the gland, leaving a small portion behind. A lobectomy removes only one lobe of the thyroid. The specific type of surgery depends on the condition being treated and the surgeon's assessment.

Potential risks associated with thyroidectomy are similar to those of other neck surgeries and can include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby structures. Specifically, damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves, which control the vocal cords, can lead to hoarseness or voice changes. Damage to the parathyroid glands, which are located behind the thyroid and regulate calcium levels, can cause hypocalcemia (low calcium).

Following a total thyroidectomy, patients will require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy with medication to maintain normal metabolic function. The recovery period typically involves a few weeks of restricted activity. Most patients experience a good outcome and return to their normal lives.