thrombosisresistant

Thrombosisresistant is an adjective used in materials science, medicine, and biology to describe a system, surface, material, or biological trait that shows a reduced tendency to form thrombi when exposed to blood. The term emphasizes resistance to thrombogenesis rather than complete absence of clotting risk. In biomaterials and medical devices, thrombosis resistance is a key design goal for components that contact blood, such as catheters, vascular grafts, stents, dialysis circuits, and extracorporeal circuits.

Strategies to achieve thrombosis resistance include surface modifications that limit protein adsorption and cell activation, such as heparin or heparin-mimetic coatings, nitric oxide releasing layers, hydrophilic or zwitterionic surface chemistries, and low-fouling polymers like PEG. Device design to reduce regions of stasis, appropriate shear environments, and material selection also matter.

Assessment of thrombosis resistance relies on laboratory and preclinical tests, including in vitro platelet adhesion assays, thrombin generation and clotting time measurements, and flow-loop models that simulate blood-contacting conditions, along with in vivo animal studies. Regulatory guidance for blood-contacting devices and materials informs evaluation, biocompatibility, and durability standards.

Limitations include that no system is completely thrombosis free, performance can vary with blood composition and flow, and systemic anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy may be required. Long-term durability, potential bleeding risks, and regulatory approval remain important considerations.