thorakocentéza

Thorakocentéza, often referred to as a chest tube insertion or thoracostomy, is a medical procedure used to remove air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This space is normally very small and contains a thin layer of lubricating fluid. However, various conditions can cause an abnormal accumulation of substances within this space, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing.

The procedure typically involves a local anesthetic to numb the area. A small incision is made in the chest wall, and a drainage tube, known as a chest tube or thoracostomy tube, is carefully inserted into the pleural space. The other end of the tube is then connected to a collection system, which can be a water seal drainage unit or a suction device, to allow for the continuous removal of the accumulated substance.

Indications for thoracocentéza include pneumothorax (air in the pleural space), hemothorax (blood in the pleural space), pleural effusion (fluid buildup), and empyema (pus in the pleural space). It is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic tool for managing these conditions. Complications, though generally uncommon, can include bleeding, infection, pain at the insertion site, and injury to surrounding organs. The duration the chest tube remains in place depends on the underlying condition and the rate of drainage, typically ranging from a few days to a week or more.