tetrachloromethane

Tetrachloromethane, commonly called carbon tetrachloride, with the chemical formula CCl4, is a colorless, dense, nonpolar liquid that boils at 76.7°C at 1 atm. It has low miscibility with water and is soluble in many organic solvents.

Historically used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes and resins, and in the extraction of essential oils; it was also employed in dry cleaning and in older fire-extinguishing equipment. It can decompose under certain conditions to form phosgene (COCl2), a highly toxic gas.

Industrial production is achieved by chlorinating methane or other simple methane-containing feedstocks under controlled conditions, yielding CCl4 alongside other chlorinated methanes. Due to toxicity and environmental concerns, its use has declined and many applications have been phased out.

Health and safety: inhalation or skin contact can cause liver and kidney damage and adverse effects on the nervous system. Prolonged exposure may increase cancer risk. Safe handling requires adequate ventilation, protective equipment, and proper waste disposal.

Environmental and regulatory status: carbon tetrachloride is an ozone-depleting substance with a long atmospheric lifetime. Its production and most uses are restricted under international agreements such as the Montreal Protocol; remaining uses are tightly controlled and substitutes are preferred.