termonukleáris

Termonukleáris refers to a process involving extremely high temperatures, typically millions of degrees Celsius, required to initiate and sustain nuclear fusion reactions. This term is often associated with thermonuclear weapons, commonly known as hydrogen bombs. In these devices, a primary fission explosion (like that of an atomic bomb) is used to generate the immense heat and pressure needed to fuse light atomic nuclei, such as isotopes of hydrogen, into heavier ones, releasing a vast amount of energy.

The term "thermonuclear" highlights the crucial role of temperature in overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged atomic nuclei. At these extreme temperatures, nuclei possess enough kinetic energy to collide and fuse, forming new, more stable nuclei and emitting neutrons and gamma rays, along with a significant release of energy. This principle is also the basis for ongoing research into controlled thermonuclear fusion as a potential source of clean and virtually limitless energy, as seen in experimental fusion reactors. The conditions required for both weaponized and controlled fusion are exceptionally demanding, necessitating advanced technology and a deep understanding of plasma physics.