termékenyítéstl

Termékenyítés, also known as fertilization, is a crucial biological process that marks the beginning of sexual reproduction. It is the fusion of a male gamete, typically sperm, with a female gamete, typically an ovum or egg cell, to form a zygote. This zygote contains the genetic material from both parents, a combination of their DNA.

In animals, fertilization usually occurs internally within the female reproductive tract, as seen in mammals, birds, and reptiles. In contrast, many aquatic organisms, such as fish and amphibians, exhibit external fertilization, where eggs and sperm are released into the water. In plants, fertilization involves the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma), followed by the fusion of the male gamete within the pollen with the ovule.

The outcome of successful fertilization is a single cell, the zygote, which then undergoes rapid cell division and development to form an embryo. This embryonic development eventually leads to the formation of a new organism, carrying a unique genetic makeup inherited from its parents. The process ensures the continuation of species by recombining genetic material and introducing variation.