tempuh

Tempuh is an Indonesian verb meaning to go through, to pass through, or to endure a journey or challenge. It can refer to physical traversal, such as traveling across terrain, or to experiencing and overcoming non-physical obstacles, such as a difficult period or set of tasks. The term is versatile and used in both literal and figurative senses, often with nouns like jarak (distance), perjalanan (journey), rintangan (obstacles), or masa sulit (hard times).

Etymology and usage notes: Tempuh is the base form, while the related form menempuh is commonly used in transitive clauses to indicate undertaking or covering something, for example menempuh perjalanan panjang or menempuh jarak 100 kilometer. Both forms appear in formal and informal Indonesian. In practice, tempuh and menempuh can be used interchangeably in some contexts, but menempuh is often preferred when emphasizing the act of undertaking or traversing a distance or challenge.

Common contexts and collocations: Physical travel, such as tempuh jalan berliku (to traverse a winding road) or tempuh jarak yang jauh (to cover a long distance). Metaphorical usage includes tempuh masa sulit (to endure a difficult period) or tempuh rintangan (to overcome obstacles). Related verbs conveying similar ideas include menghadapi (to face) and mengatasi (to overcome), while through- or passing-related nuances are captured by melaluI or melalui.

Examples: "Mereka menempuh perjalanan panjang melalui pegunungan." "Dia berhasil menempuh jarak 50 kilometer dalam balapan." "Para pejuang tempuh masa sulit dengan tekad." These usages illustrate both literal and figurative applications of tempuh.