teineteisega

Teineteisega is a term used in Estonian grammar to denote a comitative or reciprocal relation expressed with the postposed clitic -ga, roughly translating to “with one another” or “with the other person.” It functions to indicate that two or more participants engage in an action or relation together. The form is derived from the base meaning “the other” and is used to mark mutuality in social interaction, cooperation, or shared activity.

In standard usage, teineteisega appears in contexts that describe reciprocal or cooperative actions. It is often found with verbs to signal joint activity, collaboration, or mutual influence among participants. The construction can interact with different sentence structures and cases depending on how the action is framed and what constituents are being emphasized.

The expression teineteisega is comparatively rare in everyday speech in favor of üksteisega, which is the more common and widely taught form for “with one another.” Teineteisega may be encountered in older texts, literary writing, or certain dialects, where it reflects historical or regional variation in how reciprocity is marked in Estonian.

See also: Estonian grammar, comitative constructions, reciprocal pronouns, üksteisega.