taugafrumunni

Taugafrumunni, also known as a neuron, is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. These specialized cells are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body via electrochemical signals. Neurons are characterized by their unique structure, typically consisting of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. Dendrites are branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The cell body contains the nucleus and other essential organelles. The axon is a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The process of neuronal communication involves the generation and propagation of an electrical impulse called an action potential. When a neuron receives a sufficient stimulus, ion channels in its membrane open, causing a rapid change in electrical potential. This impulse travels down the axon. At the end of the axon, the signal is transmitted to another cell across a small gap called a synapse, typically through the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the receiving cell, either exciting or inhibiting it. The intricate network of neurons forms the basis of all nervous system functions, including thought, sensation, movement, and emotion.