taugaflækjur

Taugaflækjur, also known as neurofibrillary tangles, are abnormal protein aggregates that accumulate inside neurons in the brain. They are a hallmark characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer's disease. These tangles are primarily composed of a hyperphosphorylated form of a protein called tau. In healthy neurons, tau protein plays a crucial role in stabilizing microtubules, which are essential components of the cell's internal scaffolding and transport system.

In neurodegenerative conditions, tau undergoes abnormal modifications, leading to its detachment from microtubules and subsequent aggregation. These aggregated tau proteins then form insoluble filaments that disrupt the normal functioning and structure of neurons. The accumulation of tau tangles can interfere with vital cellular processes, including the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules, ultimately contributing to neuronal dysfunction and death. Their presence is strongly correlated with the progression of cognitive decline and memory loss observed in diseases like Alzheimer's. Research into tau pathology continues to be a significant area of focus for understanding and developing treatments for these devastating conditions.