tartrazin

Tartrazin, also known as tartrazine, is a synthetic yellow azo dye used as a coloring agent in foods, beverages, cosmetics, and some medicines. In international labeling it is listed as E102 or by its color index number CI 19140. It is a water-soluble compound due to sulfonate groups and is produced through azo coupling chemistry.

Uses and applications include imparting a bright yellow hue to a wide range of products, such as soft drinks, candies, baked goods, dairy items, sauces, and processed foods. It is also used in some cosmetics and pharmaceutical coatings or formulations. In the European Union, food additives regulations require that products containing tartrazine bear an appropriate label indicating the presence of the additive (by name and/or E-number).

Safety and regulation: Tartrazine is permitted for use at specified levels in many jurisdictions and is considered safe for the general population when used within approved limits. Some individuals may experience hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives, swelling, or bronchial symptoms, particularly among those with known sensitivities or aspirin intolerance. The possibility of behavioral effects in children has been discussed, but major health authorities have not established a causal link between tartrazine and attention or behavior problems in the general population. Labeling and consumer choice vary by country, with some jurisdictions providing warnings or allowing tartrazine‑free alternatives.

Related considerations: Many products offer tartrazine‑free options, often using natural or alternative synthetic colorants. Consumers with sensitivities or dietary preferences may look for explicit labeling to identify tartrazine in ingredient lists.