tandsubstanserna

Tandsubstanserna refer to the biological materials that make up a tooth. There are primarily three types of tooth substances: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Pulp is also considered a vital component of the tooth structure.

Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth, covering the crown. It is the hardest substance in the human body, primarily composed of hydroxyapatite. Enamel's hardness provides protection against wear and tear from chewing and is responsible for the tooth's white appearance.

Beneath the enamel lies dentin, which forms the bulk of the tooth. Dentin is a calcified tissue that is less hard than enamel but still strong. It contains microscopic tubules that connect to the pulp, allowing for sensory input and nutrient transport. Dentin is typically yellowish in color.

Cementum is a thin layer of calcified tissue that covers the root of the tooth, beneath the gum line. Its primary function is to anchor the tooth to the jawbone via the periodontal ligament. Cementum is softer than enamel and dentin.

The pulp is the innermost part of the tooth and consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. It is often referred to as the "nerve" of the tooth, although it contains more than just nerve fibers. The pulp is responsible for the tooth's vitality, sensation, and nourishment. Damage to the pulp, such as from decay or trauma, can lead to tooth pain and require root canal treatment. Together, these tooth substances form a functional unit essential for mastication, speech, and maintaining facial structure.