süsinikuaatomitel

süsinikuaatomitel is the Estonian term for carbon atoms. Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a nonmetal and belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon is unique in its ability to form a vast number of compounds, known as organic compounds, due to its capacity to bond with itself and other elements in complex structures.

The electron configuration of a carbon atom is 1s²2s²2p², meaning it has four valence electrons. This allows carbon to form four covalent bonds, which is the basis of its versatility in forming organic molecules. These bonds can be single, double, or triple, leading to a diverse range of molecular shapes and properties. Carbon is essential for life as we know it, forming the backbone of all organic molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

In its elemental form, carbon exists in several allotropes, the most well-known being diamond and graphite. Diamond is an extremely hard, transparent crystalline solid, while graphite is a soft, black, and conductive material composed of layered sheets. Other allotropes include fullerenes and graphene. Carbon is also found in inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO), which play crucial roles in Earth's atmosphere and biogeochemical cycles. The study of carbon compounds, particularly organic ones, forms the basis of organic chemistry.