süsinikuaatom

süsinikuaatom is the Estonian term for a carbon atom. A carbon atom is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a nonmetal and belongs to the group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon is unique in its ability to form a vast number of complex molecules, a property known as catenation, which is the basis for organic chemistry.

The atomic structure of carbon consists of a nucleus containing six protons and typically six neutrons, surrounded by six electrons. These electrons are arranged in two shells: two in the inner shell and four in the outer valence shell. The four valence electrons allow carbon to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, including itself. This tetravalence is fundamental to the diversity of carbon compounds.

Carbon exists in several allotropes, which are different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state. Common allotropes include diamond, graphite, graphene, and fullerenes. Each allotrope possesses distinct physical and chemical properties due to their differing atomic arrangements. For example, diamond is extremely hard and transparent, while graphite is soft and opaque and conducts electricity.

Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and is essential for all known life. It is a key component of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Its presence in Earth's atmosphere as carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in regulating the planet's climate.