sürdürülen

Sürdürülen is a Turkish word that functions as a passive participle and adjective meaning “being sustained” or “ongoing.” It derives from the verb sürdürmek, which means to sustain, maintain, or continue, and is used to describe actions, processes, or states that are currently in progress and carried out by someone or something.

Formation: The form is the present passive participle created by adding the suffix -ülen to the verb stem sürdür-. It generally modifies a noun in front of it, as in sürdürülen çalışmalar (the ongoing studies), or can function predicatively within a sentence as part of a larger clause.

Usage: Sürdürülen emphasizes ongoingness and ongoing action from a passive perspective. It is common in formal or written Turkish to describe processes or programs that are being maintained or continued. For contrast, completed or past-sustained actions are typically rendered with other forms, such as sürdürüldü (was sustained) or sürdürülmüş (has sustained/maintained), depending on the context.

Examples: Sürdürülen çalışmalar sonucunda yeni bulgular elde edildi. Sürdürülen bakım programı hastaların durumunu iyileştirdi. These sentences illustrate how the word functions as an adjective describing an ongoing activity or program.

See also: Related terms include sürdürmek (to sustain/maintain), sürdürülmek (to be sustained/maintained), and sürdürülebilir (sustainable). The verb and its participle forms are used across formal and academic Turkish to convey continuity and ongoing action.