sürdüren

Sürdüren is a Turkish present participle derived from the verb sürdürmek, meaning to maintain, sustain, or keep up. The form functions as an adjective or a noun and typically describes the agent or the thing that keeps something going.

Morphology and form: Sürdüren is formed by adding the present participle suffix -en to the stem sürdür-, which comes from sürdürmek. As a participle, sürdüren can modify a noun (the sustaining one) or appear in relative clauses (the one who sustains). It commonly conveys ongoing or continuous action and can be used in both everyday and formal Turkish.

Usage: The word is used to indicate something or someone that keeps a process or condition in progress. For example: Çalışmalarını sürdüren ekip hedeflere odaklandı. (The team that continues their work focused on the goals.) Sürdüren güç, bu sistemi ayakta tutan güç olarak görülüyor. (The sustaining force is seen as the power that keeps the system standing.) It can also form noun-like phrases such as “sürdürenler” (those who sustain) in more complex sentences.

Related forms: The base verb is sürdürmek. Related participles include sürdürülen (the thing that is sustained) and sürdürülebilir (sustainable). The stem sürdür- also appears in a variety of compounds and expressions dealing with continuation, maintenance, and durability. In usage, sürdüren remains a neutral, descriptive term suitable for formal writing and neutral encyclopedia-style explanations.

Notes: Sürdüren is a standard Turkish grammar item and should be used with care to emphasize ongoing causation or maintenance. It is not a loanword and is understood by Turkish speakers as part of the verbal-nominal system describing continuous action.