sünoviaalkapsel

The synoviaal capsule, also known as the articular capsule, is a fibrous sac that encloses a synovial joint. It consists of two layers: an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. The fibrous membrane is composed of dense connective tissue and provides structural support to the joint, helping to prevent dislocation. It is often reinforced by ligaments that further stabilize the joint. The inner synovial membrane, also called the synovium, is a loose connective tissue layer that lines the interior surface of the fibrous capsule, except for the articular cartilage. The synovial membrane is responsible for producing synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid is a viscous, lubricating fluid that fills the joint cavity. It has a number of important functions. Firstly, it reduces friction between the articular cartilages of the bones, allowing for smooth and effortless movement within the joint. Secondly, it acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the bones during impact and protecting them from damage. Thirdly, it provides nutrients to the articular cartilage, which lacks its own blood supply. The synovial membrane also plays a role in the immune defense of the joint and in removing waste products. The synoviaal capsule and its associated synovial fluid are crucial for the proper functioning and health of synovial joints, enabling a wide range of movements in the body.