szuperfolyadékoknak

Szuperfolyadékoknak is a term used in physics to describe a state of matter exhibiting zero viscosity. This means that a superfluid can flow without any friction. The most well-known example of a superfluid is Helium-4 cooled to temperatures below 2.17 Kelvin, a point known as the lambda point. At this temperature, Helium-4 undergoes a phase transition and enters the superfluid state.

When a fluid is in a superfluid state, it possesses remarkable properties. It can flow through narrow capillaries and pores without resistance, seemingly defying gravity by creeping up the walls of containers and flowing over the edge. This phenomenon is often referred to as the "fountain effect" or "creeping film." Superfluids can also exhibit quantized vortices, which are microscopic whirlpools with a specific circulation. These vortices are a direct consequence of the quantum mechanical nature of the superfluid state.

The discovery of superfluidity in Helium-4 by Pyotr Kapitsa in 1937 and independently by Allen and Misener was a significant breakthrough in understanding quantum phenomena at macroscopic scales. Later, superfluidity was also observed in Helium-3, though at much lower temperatures and with more complex behavior. The study of superfluids has applications in various fields, including condensed matter physics, astrophysics, and the development of sensitive scientific instruments.