szlif

Szlif is a manufacturing process in which material is removed from a workpiece by abrasive particles embedded in a grinding wheel or belt. The primary purpose is to achieve precise dimensions, straightness, and a high-quality surface finish, often as a finishing or semi-finishing operation following rough machining. Szlifing is common in metalworking and, to some extent, in woodworking and stone finishing, where fine tolerances and surface quality are required.

The process is performed on grinding machines such as surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, centerless grinders, and jig grinders. Grinding wheels consist of abrasive grains (for example aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, or diamond) held in a bond (vitrified, resin, rubber, or metal). The operation can be classified by geometry: surface grinding for flat surfaces, cylindrical grinding for round workpieces, centerless grinding for high-rate material removal, and internal or external grinding for bores or shoulders.

Key parameters include wheel grain size (grit), wheel hardness, grain material, wheel diameter and rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and coolant usage. Materials typically processed include hardened steels and other hard alloys, though various composites and nonferrous metals can be ground as well. The choice of wheel, dressing routine, and operating conditions influence the achievable dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.

Safety considerations are important: dust and fine particulates, heat, sparks, and noise require appropriate PPE, machine guards, and proper ventilation. Wheel selection, dressing, balancing, correct mounting, and using coolant contribute to worker safety and to a consistent surface finish.

Etymology: szlif is the Polish noun for grinding, derived from the verb szlifować, meaning to grind or polish. The related term szlifierka denotes a grinding machine.