szaruhártyáját

The Hungarian term "szaruhártyáját" translates to "its cornea" in English. The cornea is the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. It plays a crucial role in vision by refracting, or bending, light. This refractive power is significant, contributing about two-thirds of the eye's total focusing power. The cornea's transparency is maintained by its precise structure, including its avascular nature (lacking blood vessels) and the regular arrangement of its collagen fibers.

The cornea is composed of several distinct layers, each with specific functions. From outermost to innermost, these are the epithelium, Bowman's layer, the stroma, Descemet's membrane, and the endothelium. The epithelium is a protective outer layer, while the stroma forms the bulk of the cornea and provides its structural integrity. The endothelium is vital for maintaining corneal clarity by actively pumping fluid out of the stroma, preventing swelling.

Diseases and injuries affecting the cornea can impair vision. Conditions such as keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), corneal dystrophies (inherited disorders affecting corneal clarity), and trauma can lead to opacities, scarring, or changes in shape, all of which can result in blurred vision, pain, and even blindness. Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged cornea with healthy donor tissue, offering a treatment option for severe corneal disease.