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A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a prolonged period, causing damage to the heart muscle. This blockage is typically due to a buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the coronary arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. The most common cause of a heart attack is the rupture of a plaque in an artery, which can lead to the formation of a blood clot that blocks the artery.

Symptoms of a heart attack can vary but often include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, or arms. These symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions, such as indigestion or anxiety, so it is important to seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms occur.

The treatment of a heart attack typically involves the administration of medications to dissolve the blood clot and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. In some cases, angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to open blocked arteries and improve blood flow. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help prevent heart attacks and improve overall heart health. Regular check-ups and monitoring of risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, are also important for maintaining heart health.