syanobakteereita

Syanobakteereita, often referred to as blue-green algae, are a phylum of bacteria. Despite their common name, they are not algae but prokaryotes, meaning their cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are distinguished by their ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis, a process similar to that of plants and algae, which releases oxygen as a byproduct. This photosynthetic capability has played a crucial role in shaping Earth's atmosphere over billions of years.

These microorganisms are found in a vast array of environments, including freshwater, marine waters, soil, and even extreme habitats like hot springs and Antarctic dry valleys. Many cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia, a form usable by plants. This makes them important in nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Some cyanobacteria form colonies, often visible as mats or filaments. Certain species can produce toxins called cyanotoxins, which can be harmful to humans, livestock, and wildlife, leading to health issues if consumed through contaminated water or food. Blooms of cyanobacteria can occur when nutrient levels are high, and these blooms can have significant ecological and economic impacts, affecting water quality and recreational activities. Despite the potential for negative impacts, cyanobacteria are also used in various applications, including as a source of biofuels and nutritional supplements.