sukupuolijakaumaan

Sukupuolijakauma, or gender distribution, refers to the share or proportion of individuals of different genders within a population or sample. In demographic analyses it is commonly described as the fraction of the population identifying as male or female, often expressed as percentages or as a sex ratio (the number of males per 100 females). With growing recognition of gender diversity, some data sources also record non-binary or other gender identities, though this is not yet universal in many official statistics.

Measurement and indicators used to describe sukupuolijakauma include the sex ratio, the percentage of the population by gender, and indices such as the gender parity index, which compares female and male representation in specific groups (for example, the workforce or political bodies). Age structure strongly influences the distribution, since mortality and fertility differ by gender; in many countries there are more females than males among older age groups, while the sex ratio at birth tends to be slightly male-skewed in many populations.

Data for assessing sukupuolijakauma come from censuses, vital statistics, national surveys, and administrative records. Differences in how gender is classified, changes over time, and privacy considerations can affect comparability across countries or periods. Migration can also alter regional distributions, while the inclusion of non-binary categories requires more nuanced data collection and analysis.

Applications of understanding gender distribution include planning for healthcare, education, housing, and transportation, as well as evaluating gender balance in the labor market and in political representation. As statistical practices evolve, the concept increasingly incorporates diverse gender identities beyond a binary framework.