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Subdural hematoma, also referred to as subdural hemorrhage or subdural bleeding, is a medical condition characterized by bleeding in the space between the surface of the brain and the dura mater, the tough membrane covering it.

The subdural hematoma occurs when there is damage to the bridging veins, which connect the surface of the brain to the dura mater. This damage causes blood to pool in the space between the dura mater and the brain, which can lead to increased intracranial pressure and potential brain damage. Causes of subdural hematoma can include severe head injuries, falls, and medical conditions such as liver disease, cancer, and arteriovenous malformations.

The symptoms of subdural hematoma may develop rapidly or slowly, typically within hours to days of the injury. These symptoms can include headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, and numbness or weakness in the arms or legs. Some individuals may exhibit neurological deficits, such as loss of coordination, difficulty with speech or language, or changes in mental status.

Diagnosis of subdural hematoma typically involves imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A physical examination and medical history are also crucial to determine the severity of the condition.

Treatment for subdural hematoma depends on the size and location of the hematoma, as well as the patient's overall health. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the accumulated blood. Management of subdural hematoma often involves a multidisciplinary approach, involving neurosurgeons, neurologists, and other medical professionals to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.