subaraknoidisen

Subarachnoiditis, sometimes referred to by the term subaraknoidisen in some languages, is an inflammation of the subarachnoid space and arachnoid mater. It is a rare condition that can be infectious or inflammatory/chemical in origin and may lead to chronic pain and neurological symptoms.

Causes include infections such as bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or fungal infections; chemical irritation from intrathecal injections or administration of contrast agents; bleeding into the subarachnoid space after hemorrhage; spinal surgery or trauma; and adhesive arachnoiditis, where scarring causes nerve roots to stick together.

Symptoms commonly involve chronic pain and radicular symptoms, with sensory changes or neuropathic pain. Headache, neck stiffness, and, with extensive involvement, weakness, numbness, or bladder and bowel dysfunction may occur. The course can be persistent and disabling, depending on the extent and location of inflammation.

Diagnosis relies on imaging and clinical assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show nerve root clumping or arachnoid scarring, while CT myelography can reveal adhesions. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis may help identify infectious causes but is not definitive for non-infectious inflammatory cases. It is important to differentiate subarachnoiditis from meningitis and other causes of chronic pain.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and address any underlying cause when possible. This includes analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications, and neuropathic pain agents, along with physical therapy and psychological support. Interventional options such as nerve blocks or spinal cord stimulation may be considered in selected cases, though efficacy varies. If an infection is present, targeted antimicrobial therapy is essential.

Prognosis varies; subarachnoiditis can be chronic and disabling, with outcomes largely dependent on cause and severity. Preventive measures emphasize sterile technique during procedures, cautious use of intrathecal agents, and prompt treatment of infections.