stýringmaðr

Stýringmaðr is an Old Norse term that translates to "steering man" or "helmsman." In the context of Viking Age seafaring, the stýringmaðr was a crucial member of the crew, responsible for the direct navigation and control of the ship. This individual would stand at the stern, operating the steering oar (stýri) which was lashed to the side of the vessel. Their skill was paramount in keeping the ship on course, maneuvering through challenging waters, and responding to the commands of the ship's captain. The stýringmaðr needed a keen understanding of wind, currents, and the behavior of the ship, often relying on experience and intuition as much as any formal navigational tools. The safe and efficient passage of the vessel, whether for trade, raiding, or exploration, depended heavily on the competence of the stýringmaðr. Their role was distinct from that of the captain, who held overall command, but the stýringmaðr was an indispensable specialist.