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Stress is a physical, mental, or emotional response to situations that are perceived as threatening, challenging, or demanding. It is a natural reaction that can be beneficial in small doses, helping to motivate and focus individuals. However, chronic stress can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. The body's stress response is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to prepare the body for action.

Stress can be categorized into two main types: acute stress and chronic stress. Acute stress is a short-term response to a specific event, such as a job interview or a car accident. Chronic stress, on the other hand, is a long-term response to ongoing stressors, such as financial difficulties or a demanding job. Chronic stress can lead to various health issues, including high blood pressure, heart disease, weakened immune system, and mental health problems like anxiety and depression.

There are several ways to manage stress, including physical activity, mindfulness and meditation, adequate sleep, and social support. Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can also be helpful. It is important to identify and address the sources of stress in one's life to maintain overall well-being.