streptozothricin

Streptozotocin, also known as streptozotocin, is an antibiotic and antineoplastic agent used primarily in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and certain types of cancer. It is a derivative of streptomycin, a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces achromogenes. Streptozotocin is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

The primary mechanism of action of streptozotocin involves its ability to selectively destroy pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for insulin production. This selective toxicity is due to the high glucose uptake by beta cells, which leads to the accumulation of streptozotocin within these cells. Once inside the cells, streptozotocin undergoes metabolic activation, forming reactive oxygen species that damage cellular DNA and proteins, ultimately leading to cell death.

Streptozotocin is also used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and insulinomas. Its use in cancer therapy is based on its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood.

Streptozotocin is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal upset, and skin reactions at the injection site. It is important to monitor blood glucose levels closely during and after treatment, as streptozotocin can cause severe hypoglycemia.

Streptozotocin is available in various formulations, including injectable solutions and tablets. It is typically prescribed by healthcare professionals and should be used under medical supervision. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient's response to the medication.