streptokokkiinfektio

Streptokokkiinfektio, commonly known as strep throat in its most frequent form, is a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus. This bacterium is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets, often via coughing, sneezing, or close personal contact. Symptoms can vary but typically include a sudden sore throat, pain when swallowing, fever, and sometimes white patches or streaks of pus on the tonsils. Other possible symptoms include a rash (scarlet fever), headache, and nausea.

While strep throat is the most common manifestation, group A Streptococcus can cause a range of other infections. These include skin infections like impetigo and cellulitis, and more serious, though less common, invasive infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and toxic shock syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent complications. Untreated strep throat can lead to serious health issues like rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart valves, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a kidney disorder. Diagnosis is usually made through a rapid strep test or a throat culture. Antibiotic therapy, typically penicillin or amoxicillin, is the standard treatment and helps to alleviate symptoms, reduce the period of contagiousness, and prevent complications. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, are important for preventing the spread of streptococcal infections.