strålningsbelastning

Strålningsbelastning refers to the amount of ionizing radiation that a person or object is exposed to. It is typically measured in units of dose, such as the Gray (Gy) or Sievert (Sv). The Gray measures the absorbed dose of radiation, while the Sievert measures the equivalent dose, which takes into account the biological effectiveness of different types of radiation.

There are two main categories of radiation exposure: external and internal. External exposure occurs when a radiation source is located outside the body, such as from X-rays or gamma rays. Internal exposure happens when radioactive materials are ingested, inhaled, or absorbed into the body, leading to internal irradiation of tissues and organs.

The effects of radiation exposure depend on several factors, including the dose received, the dose rate, the type of radiation, and the sensitivity of the exposed tissues. Low doses of radiation are generally considered to have a low risk of causing adverse health effects, such as cancer, although the exact relationship at very low doses is still a subject of scientific research. Higher doses can lead to deterministic effects, which are health problems that occur with certainty above a certain threshold, such as radiation burns or sickness.

Radiation exposure can occur from natural sources, such as cosmic rays and radon gas, or from artificial sources, such as medical imaging procedures, nuclear power plants, and industrial applications. Regulatory bodies set dose limits for workers and the public to minimize the risks associated with radiation exposure.