stjórnarskrám

A stjórnarskrá is the Icelandic term for a constitution. It is the fundamental law of Iceland, outlining the structure of the state, the rights and duties of citizens, and the principles governing the nation. The current stjórnarskrá was enacted in 1944, with subsequent amendments.

The stjórnarskrá establishes Iceland as a parliamentary republic with a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. It divides governmental power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Althing, Iceland's parliament, is responsible for making laws. The government, led by the prime minister, implements these laws. The judiciary, independent of the other branches, interprets laws and administers justice.

Key provisions of the stjórnarskrá include guarantees of fundamental human rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It also defines the electoral system and the process for amending the constitution itself. The document serves as the supreme law of the land, meaning all other laws and regulations must conform to its principles. The stjórnarskrá is a cornerstone of Icelandic democracy and legal order.